"International Herald Tribune" reporter Shen Chong Zhang Guilin Zhang Ran Zhang Hao-wen, from the bottom of Wuhan, Chongqing, Hangzhou, Beijing, a bit cold this winter. For Wuhan, Chongqing, Xi'an, Hangzhou and other cities in a number of natural gas, an emergency is particularly true.
In recent days, the temperature has been picked up by a wide range of looks like rain and snow caused the "gas shortage" has not been effectively ease. Wuhan residents in the daily peak gas flame still feel a bit small, Nanjing District, two taxi stations would still emit 12 kilometers of "queuing", Hangzhou enterprises still "breathe" suffering with.
Eagerly to be gas
Since mid-November, nearly 40 years, rarely freezing cold and rain and snow weather spread throughout the country, resulting in a collective national natural gas consumption rising gas supply emergency.
Wuhan City on November 12 red alert sounded natural gas supply to start the emergency plan. 15, the afternoon, I drove through several stations, all was placed "stop gas card." The city's more than 100 large and medium sized enterprises to stop gas, changed burning other energy sources; nearly 3,000-point addition to the normal commercial door catering gas, but also all the limit stop. Public Security Bureau and some universities even heating on the gas companies to stop for the list. And in ensuring the supply of the residential area, but also due to weakening of the fire small pipe pressure.
In the following days, "gas shortage" situation has not been alleviated.
Reporter 19 at Wuhan Tianhe Airport to see the original warm as in spring terminal, the same as with the outdoor temperature. Terminal where many of the passengers wearing cotton-padded jacket wearing a warm hat, and constantly complaining about the cold weather.
To ease tensions, Wuhan Development and Reform Commission and gas companies to rush to Beijing for help responsible persons. However, according to informed sources, "Living Air" unsuccessful.
A similar variety, and now the country is experience "gas shortage" of cities for the.
Most people imagine is that the "sitting" in gas field in Chongqing is also encountering the most serious in recent years, a "gas shortage." Chongqing is now the main origin of natural gas in China, one of East Sichuan gas field, the city's Development and Reform Commission responsible person said that the current daily average of less for more than 1 million cubic meters of natural gas.
Since more than ten thousand vehicles in Chongqing city, almost all taxis to CNG (compressed natural gas) as fuel. Into the November mid-afternoon every day, people can be the major stations in Chongqing, the main city gate to see dozens of cars varies from as many as hundreds of cars lined up in a taxi along the road, "eagerly wait gas. " "200 plus gas caused by a long taxi queues Hamaji big traffic jam," sort of news is also frequently seen in the local newspapers.
19, up and down the peninsula in Chongqing Nanping Rongqiao three overpass, waiting to be routed to the refilling of the cab went so far as several kilometers long, "Columbia" Zhang told the master "International Herald Leader": "A few days after cooling, filling the tense, usually more than 30 minutes can be added, and now have to wait more than two hours, but also increase dissatisfaction. "
Chongqing's a lot of gas stations no longer available, simply put "stop qi" signs. Residential area, gas stoves and water heaters, "weakly," unfamiliar cooking meals, washing the situation can not be hot water bath is not uncommon, gas companies had urged the residents to stagger the gas peak.
Enterprise line of life and death
Recently, temperatures have been recovered, but around the "gas shortage" the situation has been effectively ease. Like the residents of Wuhan, in the past few minutes you can boil water, and now need to use 10 minutes. In this "gas shortage" was the focus of residents to ensure the supply gas like this, other areas can be imagined. The current gas shortage in the largest losses to be around the enterprise.
Reporters from Chongqing Municipal Economic Commission understands that by "gas shortage" is the impact of key chemical industry base in Chongqing Changshou District has more than 30 enterprises were forced to stop production or semi-peak load shifting holiday; Fuling District industrial enterprises reached 200,000 daily air gap cubic meters, Sinochem Fuling Chemical new projects, Bishan LNG and some other new projects have been completed due to lack of gas can not be put into production. Well-known companies Jianfeng Chemical urea by "lack of gas," troubled by the 17th day began to equipment maintenance. Chongqing Wanli company told reporters, "Flat" makes about 40% of orders for the company will not be delivered on time.
Zhejiang Province, because of gas tension, large gas power plants in the first to be affected: 40% of the province's power plants have been suspended operations, coupled with previously ceased operations, the Zhejiang Currently, only two still in power generation plants.
Industrial enterprises in Zhejiang Province with gas also reduced by nearly half, only to industrial users in Hangzhou has more than 30 well received by air, breathe the telephone or written notice to prepare. Gas Consumption of natural gas as the largest enterprises in Hangzhou, Hangzhou Nobel Group Co., Ltd. from 15 the date of minus 1 / 3 of the Gas Consumption, half of the furnace to switch to liquefied petroleum gas heating. Conversion pipeline shutdown day, the company lost more than 30 million, since the increase in fuel costs per day is about 300,000 yuan.
"Financial crisis, we are only in May this year, it gets better. Now just in the season, every day, worried about energy shortages." Jiang Yu-chang, general manager, said the current fear most is the sudden cessation of gas supply.
"Gas Shortage" even informed the glass (Wuhan) Co., Ltd. onto the frontline of life and death. 14.5 Wanfang natural gas each day, and now has been reduced to more than 70,000 cubic meters, the factory has ceased to operate. "These days business day burned 50 tons of diesel, plus electricity, gas, staff salaries, loan interest, maintenance costs alone as high as 1.5 million yuan per day. If the lack of gas a long time, the company will face closure." Informed glass Ao Wan Chi, manager, said.
Snow is only an incentive
"Snow is just the tight supply of natural gas in Wuhan there an incentive, this year there have been at least 4 times sounding gas 'red light'." Industry to the "International Herald Tribune," reveal.
When reporters discovered that the "gas shortage" is not unique to this year. Such as Zhejiang Province, since the opening of natural gas in 2004, has been in a state of gas shortages. Beginning in 2007, the oil sub-quota of natural gas to the Zhejiang Province, basically no growth, but the actual needs of the province is about 30% at an annual rate of increase. Each year in the first half is a national gas off-season, there are surplus quota to other provinces, Zhejiang and be able to purchase an additional month to about one million cubic meters of natural gas. Into the second half of the other provinces are also in short supply, in accordance with the quota supply, Zhejiang, on the only "hungry." Hangzhou, the amount of this year's gas supply contracts, to September had been fully utilized.
" 'Gas shortage' and the reasons are complex, but the root cause is an imbalance between supply and demand. In recent years, the supply of natural gas continued to rise, but rising demand faster." China Chemical Network Chief Information Officer Xin-Tian Liu told reporters.
It is understood that, due to lower costs, but also belongs to clean energy, more environmentally friendly in recent years many enterprises and taxis are replaced by natural gas. Makes use of natural gas in recent years rapidly.
As the main natural gas producing area, Chongqing's gas prices remain at very low levels over the years, the current gas price of Chongqing residents is 1.4 yuan / cubic meter, industrial gas price of 1.243 yuan / cubic meter, is generally lower than Beijing , Guangzhou, and Wuhan in the eastern city. Low natural gas prices, transportation and other areas of Chongqing in recent years, set off a "coal to gas" "Oil to Gas" and boom, so that natural gas consumption to grow rapidly. In addition, due to gas price and gas chemical projects in recent years a large number of districts and counties in Chongqing launched.
And many enterprises in Zhejiang Province to respond to energy-saving emission reduction requirements, had just finished transforming equipment, Hangzhou, more than 1100 units using natural gas boiler, there are 500 in this year's energy transformation of the new increase. Meanwhile, residents of heating, natural gas applications are increasingly popular. Many new residential district, mostly laying the gas pipeline.
The forecast shows that by 2010, China's natural gas supply and demand gap of 30 billion to 40 billion cubic meters by 2020 the gap will reach 90 billion cubic meters. While in 2007, China produced 69.4 billion cubic meters of natural gas.
Planning control
However, a matching supply of natural gas, but there are many problems.
Different time each year, there will be changes in Gas Consumption, businesses and government departments need to make corresponding adjustments to the amount of natural gas. Like Beijing, winter and the other three quarters of gas peak-trough difference of up to eight times, the instantaneous peak in winter is obviously not simply increase the amount of pipeline capacity to meet.
Solve this problem, internationally accepted approach is to build gas storage. While many Chinese cities do not have gas storage. The media revealed that West-East line passing through 10 provinces and autonomous regions, a gas storage has not.
"High cost of gas storage, gas supply companies do not want to build. Natural gas business is not liberalized, others have no natural gas business qualifications, built and no gas." China's Energy Network's chief information officer HAN Xiao-ping said that this should be used less in summer when the gas storage, gas peak winter gas storage library with additional gas pipelines can not be met solely rely on the dosage, so as to avoid the gas shortage.
Some local industries also contributed to the development of planning control "gas shortage" An Inconvenient reasons. Conducting energy structure adjustment, to encourage enterprises to energy-saving emission reduction, from the burning oil into gas at the same time, local governments ignored the lack of gas supply.
Such as Chongqing, while vigorously developing the natural gas, natural gas supply, scheduling system construction are lagging. To industry sources, due to lower natural gas prices in Chongqing, China and the oil pressure of these gas through pipelines, Wuhan, Shanghai, the selling price should be much higher than in Chongqing, so when the natural gas shortage, Wuhan and other places more easily be guaranteed gas . This year has been accumulated due to the oil supply 300 million cubic meters of natural gas in Chongqing, for the day due to reach 100 cubic meters.
China had a "gas shortage" somewhat embarrassing, in the November 10 release of "World Energy Outlook 2009", the International Energy Agency predicted that the world's supply of natural gas the next few years will greatly excess. 2015, excess capacity is expected to be up to 2,000 billion cubic meters.
Insiders suggested that they could import natural gas make up the gap in China. A reality in this case is the large-scale "gas shortage" in Guangzhou, faces the same demand for substantial growth, the supply is no shortage. Guangzhou's use of imported natural gas in Australia.
However, HAN Xiao-ping that this is not regarded as the ideal solution: "Although the excess of imports of natural gas, but the price is not low."
Guangzhou 3.45 yuan per cubic meter of natural gas, although at a lower level in Guangdong Province, but compared to Shanghai, Beijing and 2 yuan more than the price per cubic meter of this is obviously not low. Even many cities are willing to accept high prices for imported natural gas, natural gas storage generally lagged behind the construction of transfer stations is also a major obstacle. Like the first natural gas station in Zhejiang until 2012 to build.
Prices is not the answer
"Price" of this "gas shortage" in the most sensitive word.
Oil giant "gas shortage emperor to abdicate by the price rise" was once prevalent. Although the parties have publicly denied, but there are a lot of the industry still believe that natural gas prices are too low can not be avoided reasons.
Because the "gas shortage" and stand on the cusp of the media of oil on the large-scale "gas shortage" the explanation given is worry about capacity shortages.
"Supply-side pipe is full, but also appears 'gas shortage', indicating under-investment in natural gas, development is not enough." HAN Xiao-ping said.
In fact, China's natural gas reserves are abundant, by the end of 2008 released by the oil and gas resource evaluation shows that China's natural gas recoverable resources of 14 trillion cubic meters.
"Natural gas exploration and development more difficult than oil, but also requires the construction of pipe network, gas storage, etc., into a high profit but did not engage in high oil." HAN Xiao-ping that this is China's giant oil and gas development in the natural gas shortage of the main reasons for .
In the oil insiders told the media revealed that, in the early decision on the project, will make reference to the current gas prices to calculate the input-output ratio, lack of economic development or the field will not suspend the development, which directly affects the capacity construction.
However, HAN Xiao-ping not in favor of relying on price increases to solve the problem.
In the case of the natural gas market monopoly, the price rose to the number of supply side can meet the appetite for it? If the price increase, the user reduce the oil is likely to be profitable.
"If gas prices were exorbitant, then Europe and the United States can not develop the natural gas is up." HAN Xiao-ping said that the reason why natural gas in Europe and the United States have great development of low prices is an important factor. In his view, the market is not open, competitive and less is the main cause of the supply can not be guaranteed.
"Natural gas resources can only be controlled by the hands of a few large enterprises, lack of market competition, will inevitably lead to strict cost control, supply chain vulnerable to temporary factors, resulting in obvious contradiction between supply and demand." Chongqing Municipal Academy of Social Sciences researcher at Sun Yuan-ming said that solve the "gas shortage "an important tool that is gradually breaking down the monopoly, oil and gas resources to enhance the market open.
However, Liu Xin-Tian told reporters, "gas shortage" should be short-term phenomenon, at present, the relevant state departments are gradually resolve the pipe network, supply and so on, in the long run, alternative gas source will gradually ease the increase in short supply.
--
天天好心情
In recent days, the temperature has been picked up by a wide range of looks like rain and snow caused the "gas shortage" has not been effectively ease. Wuhan residents in the daily peak gas flame still feel a bit small, Nanjing District, two taxi stations would still emit 12 kilometers of "queuing", Hangzhou enterprises still "breathe" suffering with.
Eagerly to be gas
Since mid-November, nearly 40 years, rarely freezing cold and rain and snow weather spread throughout the country, resulting in a collective national natural gas consumption rising gas supply emergency.
Wuhan City on November 12 red alert sounded natural gas supply to start the emergency plan. 15, the afternoon, I drove through several stations, all was placed "stop gas card." The city's more than 100 large and medium sized enterprises to stop gas, changed burning other energy sources; nearly 3,000-point addition to the normal commercial door catering gas, but also all the limit stop. Public Security Bureau and some universities even heating on the gas companies to stop for the list. And in ensuring the supply of the residential area, but also due to weakening of the fire small pipe pressure.
In the following days, "gas shortage" situation has not been alleviated.
Reporter 19 at Wuhan Tianhe Airport to see the original warm as in spring terminal, the same as with the outdoor temperature. Terminal where many of the passengers wearing cotton-padded jacket wearing a warm hat, and constantly complaining about the cold weather.
To ease tensions, Wuhan Development and Reform Commission and gas companies to rush to Beijing for help responsible persons. However, according to informed sources, "Living Air" unsuccessful.
A similar variety, and now the country is experience "gas shortage" of cities for the.
Most people imagine is that the "sitting" in gas field in Chongqing is also encountering the most serious in recent years, a "gas shortage." Chongqing is now the main origin of natural gas in China, one of East Sichuan gas field, the city's Development and Reform Commission responsible person said that the current daily average of less for more than 1 million cubic meters of natural gas.
Since more than ten thousand vehicles in Chongqing city, almost all taxis to CNG (compressed natural gas) as fuel. Into the November mid-afternoon every day, people can be the major stations in Chongqing, the main city gate to see dozens of cars varies from as many as hundreds of cars lined up in a taxi along the road, "eagerly wait gas. " "200 plus gas caused by a long taxi queues Hamaji big traffic jam," sort of news is also frequently seen in the local newspapers.
19, up and down the peninsula in Chongqing Nanping Rongqiao three overpass, waiting to be routed to the refilling of the cab went so far as several kilometers long, "Columbia" Zhang told the master "International Herald Leader": "A few days after cooling, filling the tense, usually more than 30 minutes can be added, and now have to wait more than two hours, but also increase dissatisfaction. "
Chongqing's a lot of gas stations no longer available, simply put "stop qi" signs. Residential area, gas stoves and water heaters, "weakly," unfamiliar cooking meals, washing the situation can not be hot water bath is not uncommon, gas companies had urged the residents to stagger the gas peak.
Enterprise line of life and death
Recently, temperatures have been recovered, but around the "gas shortage" the situation has been effectively ease. Like the residents of Wuhan, in the past few minutes you can boil water, and now need to use 10 minutes. In this "gas shortage" was the focus of residents to ensure the supply gas like this, other areas can be imagined. The current gas shortage in the largest losses to be around the enterprise.
Reporters from Chongqing Municipal Economic Commission understands that by "gas shortage" is the impact of key chemical industry base in Chongqing Changshou District has more than 30 enterprises were forced to stop production or semi-peak load shifting holiday; Fuling District industrial enterprises reached 200,000 daily air gap cubic meters, Sinochem Fuling Chemical new projects, Bishan LNG and some other new projects have been completed due to lack of gas can not be put into production. Well-known companies Jianfeng Chemical urea by "lack of gas," troubled by the 17th day began to equipment maintenance. Chongqing Wanli company told reporters, "Flat" makes about 40% of orders for the company will not be delivered on time.
Zhejiang Province, because of gas tension, large gas power plants in the first to be affected: 40% of the province's power plants have been suspended operations, coupled with previously ceased operations, the Zhejiang Currently, only two still in power generation plants.
Industrial enterprises in Zhejiang Province with gas also reduced by nearly half, only to industrial users in Hangzhou has more than 30 well received by air, breathe the telephone or written notice to prepare. Gas Consumption of natural gas as the largest enterprises in Hangzhou, Hangzhou Nobel Group Co., Ltd. from 15 the date of minus 1 / 3 of the Gas Consumption, half of the furnace to switch to liquefied petroleum gas heating. Conversion pipeline shutdown day, the company lost more than 30 million, since the increase in fuel costs per day is about 300,000 yuan.
"Financial crisis, we are only in May this year, it gets better. Now just in the season, every day, worried about energy shortages." Jiang Yu-chang, general manager, said the current fear most is the sudden cessation of gas supply.
"Gas Shortage" even informed the glass (Wuhan) Co., Ltd. onto the frontline of life and death. 14.5 Wanfang natural gas each day, and now has been reduced to more than 70,000 cubic meters, the factory has ceased to operate. "These days business day burned 50 tons of diesel, plus electricity, gas, staff salaries, loan interest, maintenance costs alone as high as 1.5 million yuan per day. If the lack of gas a long time, the company will face closure." Informed glass Ao Wan Chi, manager, said.
Snow is only an incentive
"Snow is just the tight supply of natural gas in Wuhan there an incentive, this year there have been at least 4 times sounding gas 'red light'." Industry to the "International Herald Tribune," reveal.
When reporters discovered that the "gas shortage" is not unique to this year. Such as Zhejiang Province, since the opening of natural gas in 2004, has been in a state of gas shortages. Beginning in 2007, the oil sub-quota of natural gas to the Zhejiang Province, basically no growth, but the actual needs of the province is about 30% at an annual rate of increase. Each year in the first half is a national gas off-season, there are surplus quota to other provinces, Zhejiang and be able to purchase an additional month to about one million cubic meters of natural gas. Into the second half of the other provinces are also in short supply, in accordance with the quota supply, Zhejiang, on the only "hungry." Hangzhou, the amount of this year's gas supply contracts, to September had been fully utilized.
" 'Gas shortage' and the reasons are complex, but the root cause is an imbalance between supply and demand. In recent years, the supply of natural gas continued to rise, but rising demand faster." China Chemical Network Chief Information Officer Xin-Tian Liu told reporters.
It is understood that, due to lower costs, but also belongs to clean energy, more environmentally friendly in recent years many enterprises and taxis are replaced by natural gas. Makes use of natural gas in recent years rapidly.
As the main natural gas producing area, Chongqing's gas prices remain at very low levels over the years, the current gas price of Chongqing residents is 1.4 yuan / cubic meter, industrial gas price of 1.243 yuan / cubic meter, is generally lower than Beijing , Guangzhou, and Wuhan in the eastern city. Low natural gas prices, transportation and other areas of Chongqing in recent years, set off a "coal to gas" "Oil to Gas" and boom, so that natural gas consumption to grow rapidly. In addition, due to gas price and gas chemical projects in recent years a large number of districts and counties in Chongqing launched.
And many enterprises in Zhejiang Province to respond to energy-saving emission reduction requirements, had just finished transforming equipment, Hangzhou, more than 1100 units using natural gas boiler, there are 500 in this year's energy transformation of the new increase. Meanwhile, residents of heating, natural gas applications are increasingly popular. Many new residential district, mostly laying the gas pipeline.
The forecast shows that by 2010, China's natural gas supply and demand gap of 30 billion to 40 billion cubic meters by 2020 the gap will reach 90 billion cubic meters. While in 2007, China produced 69.4 billion cubic meters of natural gas.
Planning control
However, a matching supply of natural gas, but there are many problems.
Different time each year, there will be changes in Gas Consumption, businesses and government departments need to make corresponding adjustments to the amount of natural gas. Like Beijing, winter and the other three quarters of gas peak-trough difference of up to eight times, the instantaneous peak in winter is obviously not simply increase the amount of pipeline capacity to meet.
Solve this problem, internationally accepted approach is to build gas storage. While many Chinese cities do not have gas storage. The media revealed that West-East line passing through 10 provinces and autonomous regions, a gas storage has not.
"High cost of gas storage, gas supply companies do not want to build. Natural gas business is not liberalized, others have no natural gas business qualifications, built and no gas." China's Energy Network's chief information officer HAN Xiao-ping said that this should be used less in summer when the gas storage, gas peak winter gas storage library with additional gas pipelines can not be met solely rely on the dosage, so as to avoid the gas shortage.
Some local industries also contributed to the development of planning control "gas shortage" An Inconvenient reasons. Conducting energy structure adjustment, to encourage enterprises to energy-saving emission reduction, from the burning oil into gas at the same time, local governments ignored the lack of gas supply.
Such as Chongqing, while vigorously developing the natural gas, natural gas supply, scheduling system construction are lagging. To industry sources, due to lower natural gas prices in Chongqing, China and the oil pressure of these gas through pipelines, Wuhan, Shanghai, the selling price should be much higher than in Chongqing, so when the natural gas shortage, Wuhan and other places more easily be guaranteed gas . This year has been accumulated due to the oil supply 300 million cubic meters of natural gas in Chongqing, for the day due to reach 100 cubic meters.
China had a "gas shortage" somewhat embarrassing, in the November 10 release of "World Energy Outlook 2009", the International Energy Agency predicted that the world's supply of natural gas the next few years will greatly excess. 2015, excess capacity is expected to be up to 2,000 billion cubic meters.
Insiders suggested that they could import natural gas make up the gap in China. A reality in this case is the large-scale "gas shortage" in Guangzhou, faces the same demand for substantial growth, the supply is no shortage. Guangzhou's use of imported natural gas in Australia.
However, HAN Xiao-ping that this is not regarded as the ideal solution: "Although the excess of imports of natural gas, but the price is not low."
Guangzhou 3.45 yuan per cubic meter of natural gas, although at a lower level in Guangdong Province, but compared to Shanghai, Beijing and 2 yuan more than the price per cubic meter of this is obviously not low. Even many cities are willing to accept high prices for imported natural gas, natural gas storage generally lagged behind the construction of transfer stations is also a major obstacle. Like the first natural gas station in Zhejiang until 2012 to build.
Prices is not the answer
"Price" of this "gas shortage" in the most sensitive word.
Oil giant "gas shortage emperor to abdicate by the price rise" was once prevalent. Although the parties have publicly denied, but there are a lot of the industry still believe that natural gas prices are too low can not be avoided reasons.
Because the "gas shortage" and stand on the cusp of the media of oil on the large-scale "gas shortage" the explanation given is worry about capacity shortages.
"Supply-side pipe is full, but also appears 'gas shortage', indicating under-investment in natural gas, development is not enough." HAN Xiao-ping said.
In fact, China's natural gas reserves are abundant, by the end of 2008 released by the oil and gas resource evaluation shows that China's natural gas recoverable resources of 14 trillion cubic meters.
"Natural gas exploration and development more difficult than oil, but also requires the construction of pipe network, gas storage, etc., into a high profit but did not engage in high oil." HAN Xiao-ping that this is China's giant oil and gas development in the natural gas shortage of the main reasons for .
In the oil insiders told the media revealed that, in the early decision on the project, will make reference to the current gas prices to calculate the input-output ratio, lack of economic development or the field will not suspend the development, which directly affects the capacity construction.
However, HAN Xiao-ping not in favor of relying on price increases to solve the problem.
In the case of the natural gas market monopoly, the price rose to the number of supply side can meet the appetite for it? If the price increase, the user reduce the oil is likely to be profitable.
"If gas prices were exorbitant, then Europe and the United States can not develop the natural gas is up." HAN Xiao-ping said that the reason why natural gas in Europe and the United States have great development of low prices is an important factor. In his view, the market is not open, competitive and less is the main cause of the supply can not be guaranteed.
"Natural gas resources can only be controlled by the hands of a few large enterprises, lack of market competition, will inevitably lead to strict cost control, supply chain vulnerable to temporary factors, resulting in obvious contradiction between supply and demand." Chongqing Municipal Academy of Social Sciences researcher at Sun Yuan-ming said that solve the "gas shortage "an important tool that is gradually breaking down the monopoly, oil and gas resources to enhance the market open.
However, Liu Xin-Tian told reporters, "gas shortage" should be short-term phenomenon, at present, the relevant state departments are gradually resolve the pipe network, supply and so on, in the long run, alternative gas source will gradually ease the increase in short supply.
--
天天好心情
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